Children from distressed families show poor social adaptation, and are more vulnerable to peer bullying and likely to experience social adjustment problems. Based on the survey data of “Research on Children's Health Problems in Distressed Families”, this paper focuses on the prosocial behavior of children with disabled or severely disabled parents, and explores the causes of their prosocial behavior problems from the perspective of family function. The results show that children with disabled parents perform worse prosocial behavior than ordinary children. Further analysis suggests that having parents with severe disabilities has negative impacts on children's nutritional diets, family living environment and family education. The negatively affected family education status further leads to children's worse prosocial behavior. Therefore, we should focus on the implementation of “family responsibilities” for children from distressed families, improve their family functions, thus promote their social adaptation and ensure their comprehensive development.